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How to manage overpayments, underpayments, and refunds

Daily accounting management often involves handling payment discrepancies such as overpayments, underpayments, or refunds. In the event of an overpayment, the excess can either be credited to the customer's account for their next invoice or returned via bank transfer; if intentional, it will be recorded as extraordinary income. Conversely, an underpayment can be settled by granting a discount or issuing a credit note. For bad debts, an adjusting entry is required to cancel the unpaid invoice. Finally, any actual refund requires the prior creation of a credit note, followed by bank reconciliation to validate the outflow of funds.

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How to manage overpayments, underpayments, and refunds